DNMT3B activates FGFR3‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress by regulating PTPN2 promoter methylation to promote the development of atherosclerosis

Abstract

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely associated with atherosclerosis (AS). Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of ER stress in endothelial cells during AS progression is unclear. Here, the role and regulatory mechanism of DNA (cytosine‐5‐)‐ methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B) in ER stress during AS progression were investigated. ApoE−/− mice were fed with high fat diet to construct AS model in vivo. HE and Masson staining were performed to analyze histopathological changes and collagen deposition. HUVECs stimulated by ox‐LDL were used as AS cellular model. Cell apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry. DCFH‐DA staining was performed to examine ROS level. The levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were assessed using ELISA. In addition, MSP was employed to detect PTPN2 promoter methylation level. Our results revealed that DNMT3B and FGFR3 were significantly upregulated in AS patient tissues, whereas PTPN2 was downregulated. PTPN2 overexpression attenuate ox‐LDL‐induced ER stress, inflammation and apoptosis in HUVECs and ameliorated AS symptoms in vivo. PTPN2 could suppress FGFR3 expression in ox‐LDL‐treated HUVECs, and FGFR3 knockdown inhibited ER stress to attenuate ox‐LDL‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis. DNMT3B could negatively regulate PTPN2 expression and positively FGFR2 expression in ox‐LDL‐treated HUVECs; DNMT3B activated FGFR2 expression by increasing PTPN2 promoter methylation level. DNMT3B downregulation repressed ox‐LDL‐induced ER stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis in endothelial cells, which was reversed by PTPN2 silencing. DNMT3B activated FGFR3‐mediated ER stress by increasing PTPN2 promoter methylation level and suppressed its expression, thereby boosting ER stress to facilitate AS progression.