The Use of Dexmedetomidine in Preterm Infants: A Single Academic Center Experience

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Preterm newborns (PTNBs) often require sedation and analgesia. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is used to provide sedation in extremely PTNBs, even though information on such use is limited. The objective of this research is to describe the use of DEX in these patients in a single academic center. METHODS This is a retrospective study of PTNBs receiving DEX from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2018, at the Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital, a tertiary academic center operating 2 Level III and 1 Level IV neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Inclusion criteria were gestational age (GA) <36 weeks and receipt of DEX for >2 days. Adequacy of clinical response was based on achieving Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) scores <3. Hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression were recorded as the incidence as adverse events. RESULTS A total of 105 patients were included. The birth weight median was 870 g (IQR, 615–1507); the GA median was 26 weeks (IQR, 24–31). The duration of DEX infusion averaged 7 days. The DEX dose averaged 0.4 mcg/kg (IQR, 0.3–0.45). Bradycardia was observed in 35 patients (57%) weighting <1 kg and in 7 patients (18%) >1 kg (p < 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of other adverse events between these groups. However, infants <1 kg required more pharmacologic interventions to maintain N-PASS score <3. CONCLUSIONS DEX was well tolerated overall and provided adequate sedation to PTNBs in this cohort. From this study, we recommend a starting dose of 0.2 to 0.4 mcg/kg/hr and titrating up hourly until adequate sedation is achieved.