Risk factors of malignancy

Abstract

Prevention strategies aim to change environmental and lifestyle risk factors that contribute to the development of cancer. Screening detects abnormalities before they become clinically apparent, allowing intervention either before cancer develops or at an early stage when treatment is most likely to be effective. Despite reliable data on factors that reduce the risk of neoplasms, in routine clinical practice, the effectiveness of cancer prevention is still not high enough. This determines the high importance of the topic of this review, which summarizes the current scientific data on risk factors for the development of oncopathology and ways to influence them. Such risk factors as lifestyle, alcohol and tobacco use, physical activity, nutrition and other environmental factors are considered. A large role is given to infections, which is also considered in this review. The article highlights the intake of vitamins and microelements for the purpose of cancer prevention, as well as the influence of certain drugs taken to treat non-oncological diseases on the development of oncopathology. The purpose of the review is to present an analysis of current literature data on the methods of cancer prevention.