Safety and Efficacy of Bilateral Epiphysiodesis Surgery to Reduce Final Height in Extremely Tall Adolescents: A Follow-Up Study

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Treatment options in patients with extreme tall stature are limited. Bilateral epiphysiodesis has emerged as a possible treatment method aiming to reduce final height. However, there is still insufficient data on long-term safety and final height outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of bilateral epiphysiodesis to reduce final adult height in tall adolescents. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study population consisted of 72 patients with extreme tall stature who were followed at the Pediatric Endocrine Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm (Sweden), and subsequently underwent bilateral epiphysiodesis around the knees (girls <i>n</i> = 45, boys <i>n</i> = 27). <b><i>Results:</i></b> When compared to the final height prediction at time of surgery, the procedure significantly reduced the achieved final height by a mean of 3.6 cm ± 0.4 cm in girls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; 26.0 ± 2.9% reduction) and 8.6 ± 0.9 cm in boys (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; 40.5 ± 3.0% reduction). Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the absolute height reduction and the bone age at time of surgery, which was stronger in boys (<i>r</i> = −0.63, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) than in girls (<i>r</i> = −0.44, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Besides reducing final height, body proportions were affected in all patients subjected to bilateral epiphysiodesis. However, as tall individuals typically have relatively long legs, body proportions were rather normalized after the surgery. There were no serious complications reported. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study suggests that bilateral epiphysiodesis is an efficient and safe method to reduce final height in extremely tall adolescent girls and boys. The achieved height reduction was higher in boys and when performed at an earlier bone age. Importantly, no serious side effects were reported. However, a continued follow-up is still warranted to detect any potential rare complications.