Association between Compound Heterozygous Mutations of SLC34A3 and Hypercalciuria

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Mutations in <i>SLC34A3</i> have been shown to cause hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH). Patients with compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations develop skeletal lesions in addition to hypercalciuria, hypophosphatemia and/or elevated 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25-(OH)₂D] levels. Here, we report a case of hypercalciuria without skeletal lesions in a patient with compound heterozygous mutations of <i>SLC34A3.</i><b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> A 3-year-old girl presented with microscopic hematuria. Laboratory data revealed elevated 1,25-(OH)₂D levels and serum calcium, reduced serum inorganic phosphorus and hypercalciuria. In addition, the ratio of maximal rate of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate was reduced. Abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral nephrocalcinosis. These data were consistent with HHRH, but the patient had no clinical features of rickets or any family history of skeletal disease. Genetic analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations of c.175+1 G>A and c.1234 C>T in <i>SLC34A3.</i><b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This is the report of a patient with compound heterozygous mutations of <i>SLC34A3</i> and normal skeletal features. Biallelic mutations in <i>SLC34A3</i> can thus be associated with hypercalciuria not accompanied by rickets. Orally administered inorganic phosphate is predicted to improve symptoms in these patients, hence screening for <i>SLC34A3 </i>mutations should be considered in patients with hypercalciuria of unknown etiology.