Impact of <i>PD-L1</i> Gene Polymorphisms and Interactions with Cooking with Solid Fuel Exposure on Tuberculosis

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Given that <i>PD-L1</i> is a crucial immune checkpoint in regulating T-cell responses, the aim of this study was to explore the impact of <i>PD-L1</i> gene polymorphisms and the interaction with cooking with solid fuel on susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in Chinese Han populations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 503 TB patients and 494 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Mass spectrometry technology was applied to genotype rs2297136 and rs4143815 of <i>PD-L1</i> genes. The associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and TB were assessed using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Marginal structural linear odds models were used to estimate the gene-environment interactions. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared with genotype CC, genotypes GG and CG+GG at rs4143815 locus were significantly associated with susceptibility to TB (OR: 3.074 and 1.506, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). However, no statistical association was found between rs2297136 SNP and TB risk. Moreover, the relative excess risk of interaction between rs4143815 of the <i>PD-L1</i> gene and cooking with solid fuel was 2.365 (95% CI: 1.922–2.809), suggesting positive interactions with TB susceptibility. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The rs4143815 polymorphism of the <i>PD-L1</i> gene was associated with susceptibility to TB in Chinese Han populations. There were significantly positive interactions between rs4143815 and cooking with solid fuel.