Treatment-induced stemness and lineage plasticity in driving prostate cancer therapy resistance

Author:

Jamroze Anmbreen1,Liu Xiaozhuo1,Tang Dean G.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA

Abstract

Most human cancers are heterogeneous consisting of cancer cells at different epigenetic and transcriptional states and with distinct phenotypes, functions, and drug sensitivities. This inherent cancer cell heterogeneity contributes to tumor resistance to clinical treatment, especially the molecularly targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs). Therapeutic interventions, in turn, induce lineage plasticity (also called lineage infidelity) in cancer cells that also drives therapy resistance. In this Perspective, we focus our discussions on cancer cell lineage plasticity manifested as treatment-induced switching of epithelial cancer cells to basal/stem-like, mesenchymal, and neural lineages. We employ prostate cancer (PCa) as the prime example to highlight ARSI-induced lineage plasticity during and towards development of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). We further discuss how the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences therapy-induced lineage plasticity. Finally, we offer an updated summary on the regulators and mechanisms driving cancer cell lineage infidelity, which should be therapeutically targeted to extend the therapeutic window and improve patients’ survival.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

U.S. Department of Defense

Prostate Cancer Foundation

Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center

Publisher

Pivot Science Publications Corporation

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