1. James Barber, “Alcohol Addiction: Private Trouble or Social Issue?,” Social Service Review 68, no.4 (1994): 521–535
2. David T. Courtwright, Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001 136–139.
3. Jan Rogozinski, Smokeless Tobacco in the Western World, 1550–1950 (New York: Praeger, 1990), ch. 4.
4. Gerda Reith, “Consumption and Its Discontents: Addiction and the Problems of Freedom,” The British Journal of Sociology. 55, no.2 (2004): 283–300.
5. S. Ewen and E. Ewen, Channels of Desire (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), 250.