Mechanisms of closure of central and peripheral retinal tears using PRP plasma

Abstract

Introduction Research into the use of platelet-enriched plasma has been conducted in various fields of medicine over the last decade. In ophthalmology, autologous blood plasma products are widely used for retinal pathologies such as macular rupture, retinal detachment, and inflammatory and degenerative corneal diseases.The aim of the work was to prove on the basis of current data on the pathogenetic mechanisms of platelet-enriched plasma its effectiveness and safety in retinal surgery and to substantiate the possibility of its use in eye injuries.Materials and methods A search of scientific literature and publications in PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLibrary databases and electronic libraries was performed using the search words and phrases: platelet-rich plasma, platelet growth factors, macular rupture, retinal detachment, vitrectomy.Results and discussion The mechanisms of action of PRP plasma in retinal surgery are due to the high concentration of platelets. By participating in hemostasis, these blood cells trigger a cascade of reactions leading to the formation of a fibrin mesh, which, by contracting, pulls the edges of retinal tears together. In addition, the rich composition of platelet alpha granules after degranulation provides the tissue with a pool of growth factors that stimulate and accelerate tissue regeneration. The most studied of these are: PDGF, VEGF, TGF, IGF1, PF4, EGF, bFGF.Conclusion Platelet-enriched plasma preparations and their individual components are promising in the treatment of retinal diseases and are safe because they are autologous. Studies prove their efficacy in the treatment of retinal tears, which can be used to close defects of traumatic etiology.