Affiliation:
1. Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
2. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
3. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
4. Division of Hospital Internal Medicine Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
5. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT
6. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
7. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
8. Center for Clinical and Translational Science Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Rochester MN
9. Section of Interventional Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA
Abstract
Background
The role of race and ethnicity in the outcomes of cardiac arrest (CA) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is incompletely understood.
Methods and Results
This was a retrospective cohort study of adult admissions with AMI‐CA from the National Inpatient Sample (2012–2017). Self‐reported race/ethnicity was classified as White, Black, and others (Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, Other). Outcomes of interest included in‐hospital mortality, coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, palliative care consultation, do‐not‐resuscitate status use, hospitalization costs, hospital length of stay, and discharge disposition. Of the 3.5 million admissions with AMI, CA was noted in 182 750 (5.2%), with White, Black, and other races/ethnicities constituting 74.8%, 10.7%, and 14.5%, respectively. Black patients admitted with AMI‐CA were more likely to be female, with more comorbidities, higher rates of non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and higher neurological and renal failure. Admissions of patients of Black and other races/ethnicities underwent coronary angiography (61.9% versus 70.2% versus 73.1%) and percutaneous coronary intervention (44.6% versus 53.0% versus 58.1%) less frequently compared to patients of white race (
p
<0.001). Admissions of patients with AMI‐CA had significantly higher unadjusted mortality (47.4% and 47.4%) as compared with White patients admitted (40.9%). In adjusted analyses, Black race was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99;
P
=0.007) whereas other races had higher in‐hospital mortality (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.08–1.15;
P
<0.001) compared with White race. Admissions of Black patients with AMI‐CA had longer length of hospital stay, higher rates of palliative care consultation, less frequent do‐not‐resuscitate status use, and fewer discharges to home (all
P
<0.001).
Conclusions
Racial and ethnic minorities received less frequent guideline‐directed procedures and had higher in‐hospital mortality and worse outcomes in AMI‐CA.
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Subject
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Reference48 articles.
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