Outcomes of Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome Compared With Type 1 and Type 2 Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background Takotsubo syndrome (TS) and myocardial infarction (MI) share similar clinical and laboratory characteristics but have important differences in causes, demographics, management, and outcomes. Methods and Results In this observational study, the National Inpatient Sample and National Readmission Database were used to identify patients admitted with TS, type 1 MI, or type 2 MI in the United States between October 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. We compared patients hospitalized with TS, type 1 MI, and type 2 MI with respect to key features and outcomes. Over the 27‐month study period, 2 035 055 patients with type 1 MI, 639 075 patients with type 2 MI, and 43 335 patients with TS were identified. Cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were more prevalent in type 1 MI (4.02%, 3.2%, and 7.2%, respectively) compared with both type 2 MI (2.8%, 0.8%, and 5.4% respectively) and TS (2.7%, 1.8%, and 5.3%, respectively). Risk of mortality was lower in TS compared with both type 1 MI (3.3% versus 7.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.3; P <0.001) and type 2 MI (3.3% versus 8.2%; adjusted OR, 0.3; P <0.001). Mortality rate (OR, 1.2; P <0.001) and cardiac‐cause 30‐day readmission rate (adjusted OR, 1.7; P <0.001) were higher in type 1 MI than in type 2 MI. Conclusions Patients with type 1 MI had the highest rates of in‐hospital mortality and cardiac‐cause 30‐day readmission. Risk of all‐cause 30‐day readmission was highest in patients with type 2 MI. The risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with TS is lower than in patients with type 1 MI but higher than in patients with type 2 MI.