Effect of Statins on Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcome and Recurrence

Abstract

Background and Purpose— 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or statins, have been associated with improved outcome after ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage but an increased risk of incident intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated (1) whether statin use before ICH was associated with functional independence at 90 days, and (2) whether survivors exposed to statins after ICH had an increased risk of recurrence. Methods— We analyzed 629 consecutive ICH patients with 90-day outcome data enrolled in a prospective cohort study between 1998 to 2005. Statin use was determined by patient interview at the time of ICH and supplemented by medical record review. Independent status was defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale 4 or 5. ICH survivors were followed by telephone interview every 6 months. Results— Statins were used by 149/629 (24%) before ICH. There was no effect of pre-ICH statin use on the rates of functional independence (28% versus 29%, P =0.84) or mortality (46% versus 45%, P =0.93). Medical comorbidities and warfarin use were more common in statin users. Hematoma volumes were similar (median 28 cm 3 in pre-ICH statin users compared to 22 cm 3 in nonusers, P =0.18). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for independent status in pre-ICH statin users was 1.16 (95% CI 0.65 to 2.10, P =0.62). ICH survivors treated with statins after discharge did not have a higher risk of recurrence (adjusted HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.99, P =0.66). Conclusions— Pre-ICH statin use is not associated with improved ICH functional outcome or mortality. Post-ICH statin use is not associated with an increased risk of ICH recurrence.