Sex Differences and Similarities in Valvular Heart Disease

Author:

DesJardin Jacqueline T.1ORCID,Chikwe Joanna2,Hahn Rebecca T.3ORCID,Hung Judy W.4ORCID,Delling Francesca N.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco (J.T.D., F.N.D.).

2. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA (J.C.).

3. Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Columbia Heart Valve Center, Columbia University Medical Center (R.T.H.).

4. Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.W.H.).

Abstract

As populations age worldwide, the burden of valvular heart disease has grown exponentially, and so has the proportion of affected women. Although rheumatic valve disease is declining in high-income countries, degenerative age-related causes are rising. Calcific aortic stenosis and degenerative mitral regurgitation affect a significant proportion of elderly women, particularly those with comorbidities. Women with valvular heart disease have been underrepresented in many of the landmark studies which form the basis for guideline recommendations. As a consequence, surgical referrals in women have often been delayed, with worse postoperative outcomes compared with men. As described in this review, a more recent effort to include women in research studies and clinical trials has increased our knowledge about sex-based differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, outcomes, and prognosis.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Physiology

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