Loss-of-Function Mutations in the KCNJ8 -Encoded Kir6.1 K ATP Channel and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Abstract

Background— Approximately 10% of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may stem from cardiac channelopathies. The KCNJ8 -encoded Kir6.1 (K ATP ) channel critically regulates vascular tone and cardiac adaptive response to systemic metabolic stressors, including sepsis. KCNJ8 -deficient mice are prone to premature sudden death, particularly with infection. We determined the spectrum, prevalence, and function of KCNJ8 mutations in a large SIDS cohort. Methods and Results— Using polymerase chain reaction, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, and DNA sequencing, comprehensive open reading frame/splice-site mutational analysis of KCNJ8 was performed on genomic DNA isolated from necropsy tissue on 292 unrelated SIDS cases (178 males, 204 white; age, 2.9±1.9 months). KCNJ8 mutations were coexpressed heterologously with SUR2A in COS-1 cells and characterized using whole-cell patch-clamp. Two novel KCNJ8 mutations were identified. A 5-month-old white male had an in-frame deletion (E332del) and a 2-month-old black female had a missense mutation (V346I). Both mutations localized to Kir6.1's C-terminus, involved conserved residues and were absent in 400 and 200 ethnic-matched reference alleles respectively. Both cases were negative for mutations in established channelopathic genes. Compared with WT, the pinacidil-activated K ATP current was decreased 45% to 68% for Kir6.1-E332del and 40% to 57% for V346I between −20 mV and 40 mV. Conclusions— Molecular and functional evidence implicated loss-of-function KCNJ8 mutations as a novel pathogenic mechanism in SIDS, possibly by predisposition of a maladaptive cardiac response to systemic metabolic stressors akin to the mouse models of KCNJ8 deficiency.