The Impact of Adaptive Physical Education on the Physical and Cognitive Development of Children with Special Needs: A Literature Review

Abstract

Objectives. This study aimed to conduct a literature review to examine the effects of adaptive physical education on the cognitive and physical development of children with special needs (CSN). Adaptive physical education enhances motor skills, physical health, and cognitive function in people with physical, sensory, or intellectual disabilities. Materials and methods. A literature review is the research approach used, which looks at several pertinent empirical and theoretical studies conducted over the last five years, from 2019 to 2024, that provide guidance on the optimal method of educating students. The electronic searches have been performed using Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. This review of the study investigates the ways in which physical education might enhance students’ motor skills, physical fitness, and cognitive and emotional development. This study also emphasizes the difficulties in implementing Physical Education (PE) into practice, such as inadequate facilities and unsupportive attitudes toward the topic. Results. The study’s findings demonstrate that adaptive physical education helps children with special needs to improve their balance, muscular strength, motor coordination, and aerobic capacity. This program also improves cognitive skills, including social skills, working memory, and focus. This article also offers suggestions for educators and legislators to increase the efficacy of adaptive physical education (APE) in inclusive curriculum. Conclusions. Adaptive physical education has been considered to be a successful strategy for promoting the cognitive and physical development of children with special needs. It is recommended that programs are implemented according to individual requirements in order to maximize the advantages.