Spontaneous complete regression of malignant cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula following partial transarterial embolization with liquid embolic material: Report of two cases

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous complete regression of malignant cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs) following partial transarterial embolization is an extremely uncommon phenomenon. The mechanism responsible for this condition remains unclear. Case Description: The authors describe two cases of malignant CSDAVFs (Cognard IIb and V) treated by partial transarterial embolization with liquid embolic agents after unsuccessful transvenous embolization through various routes. Follow-up cerebral angiography in these cases confirmed complete resolution of the fistulas. Conclusion: In our two patients harboring low-flow CSDAVFs with preexisting thrombosis of the cavernous sinus (CS), it is possible that some portions of the liquid embolic materials could migrate into the fistulas, inducing thrombosis within the CS.