Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerobic and Facultative Gram-Negative Bacilli from Intra-abdominal Infections in Patients from Seven Regions in China in 2012 and 2013

Author:

Zhang Hui1,Yang Qiwen1,Liao Kang2,Ni Yuxing3,Yu Yunsong4,Hu Bijie5,Sun Ziyong6,Huang Wenxiang7,Wang Yong8,Wu Anhua9,Feng Xianju10,Luo Yanping11,Hu Zhidong12,Chu Yunzhuo13,Chen Shulan14,Cao Bin15,Su Jianrong16,Gui Bingdong17,Duan Qiong18,Zhang Shufang19,Shao Haifeng20,Kong Haishen21,Badal Robert E.22,Xu Yingchun1

Affiliation:

1. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China

2. First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

3. Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

4. Sir RunRun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

5. Zhong Shan Hospital of Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China

6. Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

7. First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

8. Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China

9. Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, Changsha, China

10. First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

11. The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China

12. General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China

13. First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, China

14. First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical College, Harbin, China

15. Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical College, Beijing, China

16. Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical College, Beijing, China

17. Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

18. People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Jilin, China

19. People's Hospital of Haikou City, Haikou, China

20. General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China

21. First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

22. International Health Management Associates, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacilli that caused hospital-acquired and community-acquired intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in China between 2012 and 2013, we determined the susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobials and the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) statuses of 3,540 IAI isolates from seven geographic areas in China in a central laboratory using CLSI broth microdilution and interpretive standards. Most infections were caused by Escherichia coli (46.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.7%). Rates of ESBL-producing E. coli ( P = 0.031), K. pneumoniae ( P = 0.017), and Proteus mirabilis ( P = 0.004) were higher in hospital-acquired IAIs than in community-acquired IAIs. Susceptibilities of enterobacteriaceae to ertapenem, amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and imipenem were 71.3% to 100%, 81.3% to 100%, 64.7% to 100%, and 83.1% to 100%, respectively, but imipenem was ineffective against P. mirabilis (<20%). Although most ESBL-positive hospital-acquired isolates were resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, the majority were susceptible to cefoxitin (47.9% to 83.9%). Susceptibilities of ESBL-positive isolates to ampicillin-sulbactam (<10%) were low, whereas susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin (0% to 54.6%) and levofloxacin (0% to 63.6%) varied substantially. The prevalences of cephalosporin-susceptible E. coli and K. pneumoniae were higher in the northeastern and southern regions than in the central and eastern regions, reflecting the ESBL-positive rates in these areas, and were lowest in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang (Jiang-Zhe) area where the rates of carbapenem resistance were also highest. Ertapenem, amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and imipenem are the most efficacious antibiotics for treating IAIs in China, especially those caused by E. coli or K. pneumoniae . Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems is more common in the Jiang-Zhe area than in other regions in China.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Pharmacology (medical),Pharmacology

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