Affiliation:
1. Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
2. Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium is a main cause of bacterial food-borne diseases. As
Salmonella
can form biofilms in which it is better protected against antimicrobial agents on a wide diversity of surfaces, it is of interest to explore ways to inhibit biofilm formation. Brominated furanones, originally extracted from the marine alga
Delisea pulchra
, are known to interfere with biofilm formation in several pathogens. In this study, we have synthesized a small focused library of brominated furanones and tested their activity against
S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium biofilm formation. We show that several furanones inhibit
Salmonella
biofilm formation at non-growth-inhibiting concentrations. The most interesting compounds are (
Z
)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-alkyl-2(
5H
)-furanones with chain lengths of two to six carbon atoms. A microarray study was performed to analyze the gene expression profiles of
Salmonella
in the presence of (
Z
)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-ethyl-2(
5H
)-furanone. The induced genes include genes that are involved in metabolism, stress response, and drug sensitivity. Most of the repressed genes are involved in metabolism, the type III secretion system, and flagellar biosynthesis. Follow-up experiments confirmed that this furanone interferes with the synthesis of flagella by
Salmonella
. No evidence was found that furanones act on the currently known quorum-sensing systems in
Salmonella
. Interestingly, pretreatment with furanones rendered
Salmonella
biofilms more susceptible to antibiotic treatment. Conclusively, this work demonstrates that particular brominated furanones have potential in the prevention of biofilm formation by
Salmonella
serovar Typhimurium.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
Cited by
183 articles.
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