Affiliation:
1. Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
2. Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University Sanbo Brain Hospital , Beijing, China
3. Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders , Beijing, China
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women during the first trimester can cause congenital malformations including microcephaly, which has focused global attention on this emerging pathogen. By contrast, ZIKV infection in pregnant women during the third trimester can cause neurodevelopmental delays and cryptorchidism in newborns without microcephaly. Here, we evaluated the long-term fertility consequences of ZIKV infection in male suckling mice, which is equivalent to congenital ZIKV infection in children, from multiple perspectives including the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, testis, sperm, and social behaviors. We observed the persistence of ZIKV in the hypothalamus of mice, which caused long-term hormone deficiencies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Hormone deficiencies led to limited delays in testicular development, a decrease in sperm quality and quantity, and abnormal social abilities. These damages could progress to diminished fertility in male mice, as judged by lower pregnancy rate, prolonged time to delivery, and decreased offspring quality. Currently, the extent to which these observations in mice translate to humans remains unclear, but longitudinal studies of hormone levels and reproductive health in ZIKV-exposed children seem warranted.
IMPORTANCE
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women during the third trimester can cause neurodevelopmental delays and cryptorchidism in children without microcephaly. However, the consequences of congenital ZIKV infection on fertility in these children remain unclear. Here, using an immunocompetent mouse model, we reveal that congenital ZIKV infection can cause hormonal disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to reduced fertility and decreased sexual preference. Our study has for the first time linked the hypothalamus to the reproductive system and social behaviors after ZIKV infection. Although the extent to which these observations in mice translate to humans remains unclear, these findings did suggest that the reproductive health and hormone levels of ZIKV-exposed children should receive more attention to improve their living quality.
Funder
MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China
MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology