Affiliation:
1. Departments of Pathology
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
3. Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Rabies virus (RV) induces encephalomyelitis in humans and animals. However, the pathogenic mechanism of rabies is not fully understood. To investigate the host responses to RV infection, we examined and compared the pathology, particularly the inflammatory responses, and the gene expression profiles in the brains of mice infected with wild-type (wt) virus silver-haired bat RV (SHBRV) or laboratory-adapted virus B2C, using a mouse genomic array (Affymetrix). Extensive inflammatory responses were observed in animals infected with the attenuated RV, but little or no inflammatory responses were found in mice infected with wt RV. Furthermore, attenuated RV induced the expression of the genes involved in the innate immune and antiviral responses, especially those related to the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) signaling pathways and inflammatory chemokines. For the IFN-α/β signaling pathways, many of the interferon regulatory genes, such as the signal transduction activation transducers and interferon regulatory factors, as well as the effector genes, for example, 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase and myxovirus proteins, are highly induced in mice infected with attenuated RV. However, many of these genes were not up-regulated in mice infected with wt SHBRV. The data obtained by microarray analysis were confirmed by real-time PCR. Together, these data suggest that attenuated RV activates, while pathogenic RV evades, the host innate immune and antiviral responses.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology
Reference54 articles.
1. Aaronson, D. S., and C. M. Horvath. 2002. A road map for those who don't know JAK-STAT. Science296:1653-1655.
2. Adamec, E., F. Yang, G. M. Cole, and R. A. Nixon. 2001. Multiple-label immunocytochemistry for the evaluation of nature of cell death in experimental models of neurodegeneration. Brain Res. Protocol7:193-202.
3. Andjelkovic, A. V., D. Kerkovich, and J. S. Pachter. 2000. Monocyte:astrocyte interactions regulate MCP-1 expression in both cell types. J. Leukoc. Biol.68:545-552.
4. Baloul, L., S. Camelo, and M. Lafon. 2004. Up-regulation of Fas ligand (FasL) in the central nervous system: a mechanism of immune evasion by rabies virus. J. Neurovirol.10:372-382.
5. Baloul, L., and M. Lafon. 2003. Apoptosis and rabies virus neuroinvasion. Biochimie85:777-788.
Cited by
201 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献