Antigens and Alternatives for Control of
Anaplasma marginale
Infection in Cattle
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Published:2003-10
Issue:4
Volume:16
Page:698-712
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ISSN:0893-8512
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Container-title:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Clin Microbiol Rev
Author:
Kocan Katherine M.123, de la Fuente José123, Guglielmone Alberto A.123, Meléndez Roy D.123
Affiliation:
1. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 2. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Rafaela 2300, Argentina 3. Area de Parasitologia, decanato del Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado,” Barquisimeto, Lara State 3001-A, Venezuela
Abstract
SUMMARY
Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne cattle disease caused by the rickettsia
Anaplasma marginale
, is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The disease causes considerable economic loss to both the dairy and beef industries worldwide. Analyses of 16S rRNA, groESL, and surface proteins have resulted in the recent reclassification of the order Rickettsiales. The genus
Anaplasma
, of which
A. marginale
is the type species, now also includes
A. bovis
,
A. platys
, and
A. phagocytophilum
, which were previously known as
Ehrlichia bovis
,
E. platys
, and the
E. phagocytophila
group (which causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis), respectively. Live and killed vaccines have been used for control of anaplasmosis, and both types of vaccines have advantages and disadvantages. These vaccines have been effective in preventing clinical anaplasmosis in cattle but have not blocked
A. marginale
infection. Thus, persistently infected cattle serve as a reservoir of infective blood for both mechanical transmission and infection of ticks. Advances in biochemical, immunologic, and molecular technologies during the last decade have been applied to research of
A. marginale
and related organisms. The recent development of a cell culture system for
A. marginale
provides a potential source of antigen for the development of improved killed and live vaccines, and the availability of cell culture-derived antigen would eliminate the use of cattle in vaccine production. Increased knowledge of
A. marginale
antigen repertoires and an improved understanding of bovine cellular and humoral immune responses to
A. marginale
, combined with the new technologies, should contribute to the development of more effective vaccines for control and prevention of anaplasmosis.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Immunology and Microbiology,Epidemiology
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