Affiliation:
1. Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Universidad de León, León, Spain
2. RGA Bio-Investigación S.L., León, Spain
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Endophytic and rhizosphere actinobacteria isolated from the root system of 1-year-old grafted
Vitis vinifera
plants were evaluated for their activities against fungi that cause grapevine trunk diseases. A total of 58 endophytic and 94 rhizosphere isolates were tested. Based on an
in vitro
bioassay, 15.5% of the endophytic isolates and 30.8% of the rhizosphere isolates exhibited antifungal activity against the fungal pathogen
Diplodia seriata
, whereas 13.8% of the endophytic isolates and 16.0% of the rhizosphere isolates showed antifungal activity against
Dactylonectria macrodidyma
(formerly
Ilyonectria macrodidyma
). The strains which showed the greatest
in vitro
efficacy against both pathogens were further analyzed for their ability to inhibit the growth of
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora
and
Phaeoacremonium minimum
(formerly
Phaeoacremonium aleophilum
). Based on their antifungal activity, three rhizosphere isolates and three endophytic isolates were applied on grafts in an open-root field nursery in a 3-year trial. The field trial led to the identification of one endophytic strain,
Streptomyces
sp. VV/E1, and two rhizosphere isolates,
Streptomyces
sp. VV/R1 and
Streptomyces
sp. VV/R4, which significantly reduced the infection rates produced by the fungal pathogens
Dactylonectria
sp.,
Ilyonectria
sp.,
P. chlamydospora
, and
P. minimum
, all of which cause young grapevine decline. The VV/R1 and VV/R4 isolates also significantly reduced the mortality level of grafted plants in the nursery. This study shows that certain actinobacteria could represent a promising new tool for controlling fungal trunk pathogens that infect grapevine plants through the root system in nurseries.
IMPORTANCE
Grapevine trunk diseases are a major threat to the wine and grape industry worldwide. They cause a significant reduction in yields as well as in grape quality, and they can even cause plant death. Trunk diseases are caused by fungal pathogens that enter through pruning wounds and/or the root system. Although different strategies have recently been developed to protect pruning wounds using antifungal compounds (natural or synthetic) or biocontrol agents, no tools are yet available for controlling soil pathogens that infect plants through their root system. This study shows that different actinobacterial isolates, when applied to grafts in a nursery, can significantly reduce the infection rate caused by fungal pathogens that enter through the root system. This is a new, promising, and green alternative for preventing the decline of young grapevines in nurseries and vineyards.
Funder
Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Gobierno de España
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
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