Enzalutamide therapy for advanced prostate cancer: efficacy, resistance and beyond

Author:

Linder Simon1,van der Poel Henk G2,Bergman Andries M34,Zwart Wilbert15,Prekovic Stefan1

Affiliation:

1. 1Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

2. 2Division of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

3. 3Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

4. 4Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

5. 5Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Abstract

The androgen receptor drives the growth of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This has led to the development of multiple novel drugs targeting this hormone-regulated transcription factor, such as enzalutamide – a potent androgen receptor antagonist. Despite the plethora of possible treatment options, the absolute survival benefit of each treatment separately is limited to a few months. Therefore, current research efforts are directed to determine the optimal sequence of therapies, discover novel drugs effective in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and define patient subpopulations that ultimately benefit from these treatments. Molecular studies provide evidence on which pathways mediate treatment resistance and may lead to improved treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review provides, firstly a concise overview of the clinical development, use and effectiveness of enzalutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, secondly it describes translational research addressing enzalutamide response vs resistance and lastly highlights novel potential treatment strategies in the enzalutamide-resistant setting.

Publisher

Bioscientifica

Subject

Cancer Research,Endocrinology,Oncology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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