High-intensity interval training combining rowing and cycling improves but does not restore beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes

Author:

Houborg Petersen Maria12ORCID,Stidsen Jacob Volmer1,Eisemann de Almeida Martin13ORCID,Kleis Wentorf Emil3,Jensen Kurt3,Ørtenblad Niels3,Højlund Kurt12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

2. Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

3. Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Abstract

Aim We investigated whether a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol could restore beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes compared with sedentary obese and lean individuals. Materials and methods In patients with type 2 diabetes, and age-matched, glucose-tolerant obese and lean controls, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of supervised HIIT combining rowing and cycling on the acute (first-phase) and second-phase insulin responses, beta-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity (disposition index), and serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels using the Botnia clamp (1-h IVGTT followed by 3-h hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp). Results At baseline, patients with type 2 diabetes had reduced insulin sensitivity (~40%), acute insulin secretion (~13-fold), and disposition index (>35-fold), whereas insulin-suppressed serum FFA was higher (⁓2.5-fold) compared with controls (all P < 0.05). The HIIT protocol increased insulin sensitivity in all groups (all P < 0.01). In patients with type 2 diabetes, this was accompanied by a large (>200%) but variable improvement in the disposition index (P < 0.05). Whereas insulin sensitivity improved to the degree seen in controls at baseline, the disposition index remained markedly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes after HIIT (all P < 0.001). In controls, HIIT increased the disposition index by ~20–30% (all P < 0.05). In all groups, the second-phase insulin responses and insulin-suppressed FFA levels were reduced in response to HIIT (all P < 0.05). No group differences were seen in these HIIT-induced responses. Conclusion HIIT combining rowing and cycling induced a large but variable increase in beta-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, but the disposition index remained severely impaired compared to controls, suggesting that this defect is less reversible in response to exercise training than insulin resistance. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03500016).

Publisher

Bioscientifica

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