Ionization disequilibrium in K- and L-shell ions-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Ionization disequilibrium in K- and L-shell ions

Published:2023-07-01 Issue:7 Volume:30 Page:
ISSN:1070-664X
Container-title:Physics of Plasmas
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Bishel D. T.¹²^ORCID,Marley E. V.³^ORCID,Schneider M. B.³^ORCID,Liedahl D. A.³^ORCID,Heeter R. F.³^ORCID,Foord M. E.³,Kemp G. E.³^ORCID,Frank Y.³^ORCID,Emig J. A.³,Pérez-Callejo G.⁴^ORCID,Nilson P. M.²^ORCID,Chin D. A.¹²^ORCID,Rygg J. R.¹²⁵^ORCID,Collins G. W.¹²⁵^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester 1 , Rochester, New York 14627, USA

2. Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester 2 , Rochester, New York 14623, USA

3. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 3 , Livermore, California 94550, USA

4. Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid 4 , Valladolid 47011, Spain

5. Department of Mechanical Energy, University of Rochester 5 , Rochester, New York 14627, USA

Abstract

Time-gated Sc K-shell and Ge L-shell spectra are presented from a range of characterized thermodynamic states spanning ion densities of 1019–1020cm−3 and plasma temperatures around 2000 eV. For the higher densities studied and temperatures from 1000 to 3000 eV, the Sc and Ge x-ray emission spectra are consistent with steady-state calculations from the modern atomic kinetics model SCRAM. At the lower ion densities achieved through plasma expansion, however, the model calculations require a higher plasma temperature to reproduce the observed Ge spectrum. We attribute this to ionization disequilibrium of the Sc because the ionization time scales exceed the hydrodynamic timescale when the inferred temperatures diverge.

Funder

DOE NNSA

DOE

DOE NNSA SSGF

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Publisher

AIP Publishing

Subject

Condensed Matter Physics

Link

https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pop/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/5.0151931/18029961/073303_1_5.0151931.pdf

Reference35 articles.