Haemostasis in head and neck surgical procedures: Valsalva manoeuvre versus Trendelenburg tilt

Abstract

INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to identify whether Trendelenburg position helps detect any further bleeding points following Valsalva manoeuvre in order to achieve adequate haemostasis in head and neck surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty consecutive patients undergoing major head and neck surgical procedures were included. The protocol consisted in performing Valsalva manoeuvre to check haemostasis and treated any bleeding points identified. The operating table was tilted 30° and haemostasis was checked again and treated accordingly. The number of vessels identified and the treatment was recorded. RESULTS Twelve male and 38 female patients were included. The median age was 53 years and 74% had an ASA of 1. Twelve patients had complicating features such as retrosternal extensions or raised T4 levels pre-operatively. Thyroid resections were the most common operations performed. The total number of bleeding vessels identified in Trendelenburg tilt was significantly greater than when using Valsalva manoeuvre (P < 0.0001). All bleeding points found on Valsalva manoeuvre were minor (< 2 mm) and dealt with using diathermy. In Trendelenburg position, 11% of bleeding vessels required ties or stitching. The time taken during Valsalva manoeuvre was 60 s on average and 360 s in Trendelenburg position. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the Trendelenburg position is vastly superior to the Valsalva manoeuvre in identifying bleeding vessels at haemostasis. It has become our practice to put patients in Trendelenburg tilt routinely (we have discontinued the Valsalva manoeuvre), to check its adequacy before closing the wound. We have not noticed any intracranial complications using a tilt angle of 30°.