Underutilization of guideline-recommended therapy in patients 80 years and older with peripheral artery diseases

Abstract

Summary: Background: Ageing is a major cardiovascular risk factor with detrimental changes that culminate in a high atherosclerotic burden. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major manifestation of atherosclerosis with high mortality. Guideline-recommended treatment is essential, however implementation is inadequate. With an ageing society, age-related inequalities are important and have not been elucidated in a high-risk PAD population on a nation-wide scale. We sought to analyse outpatient treatment structures and guideline adherence in treatment of PAD patients older than 80 years. Patients and methods: The study is based on ambulatory claims data comprising 70.1 million statutorily insured patients per year in Germany from 2009 to 2018. We analysed age-related differences in prevalence, pharmacotherapy and specialized outpatient care in PAD patients. Results: Of 17,633,970 PAD patients included, 28% were older than 80 years. PAD prevalence increased between 2008 and 2018 (1.85% vs. 3.14%), with the proportion of older patients increasing by a third (24.4% vs. 31.2%). Octogenarians were undertreated regarding guideline-recommended statin pharmacotherapy compared to younger patients while antiplatelets were prescribed more often (statins 2016: 46.5% vs. 52.4%; antiplatelets 2016 30.6% vs. 29.3%; p<.05). Furthermore, octogenarians received less specialized outpatient care (angiology: 6.4% vs. 9.5%, vascular surgery: 8.1% vs. 11.8%, cardiology: 25.2% vs. 29.2%, p<.05). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that age-related differences in pharmacotherapy and specialized outpatient care of PAD patients are evident. While overall guideline-recommended outpatient treatment is low, patients 80 years and older are less likely to receive both, leaving age-related health inequalities a challenge of our future.