Study of Homocysteine, SDMA, ADMA, UMOD, AVP, and KIM-1 in serum of chronic renal disease patients suffering from Type-2 diabetes in Basra Province

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a reduction in renal function manifested by a GFR of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or kidney damage marker, or maybe both, last about 3 months, regardless of actual cause. Diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to be the causative factors of CKD in all high- middle-income regions, as well as in numerous low country income. Mellitus accounts for 30–50% of all CKD and affects 285 million (6.4%) individuals globally. A case-control study included 30 CKD patients with T2DM and 30 healthy subjects as a control group who visited Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital in Al-Basrah province between October 2021 and February 2022. The Age average for study population was (25-60) years. Serum levels of human AVP, ADMA, KIM-1, HCY, UMOD, and SDMA were measured by a sandwich-ELISA technique. The results revealed a highly significant increase in the levels of homocysteine, SDMA, ADMA, AVP, and KIM-1 in CKD-diabetic patients (P < 0.05) and a highly significant decrease in the level of UMOD (P<0.05) compared to control. According to the results, we conclude: Hyperhomocysteinemia occurs in chronic and end-stage kidney diseases. A potential indicator of renal health, uromodulin allows for the early identification of CKD. This tubular secretion marker may possibly represent intrinsic "kidney function" and residual nephron mass in addition to glomerular filtration. The oxidative stress markers ADMA and SDMA are both known to contribute significantly to the emergence of endothelial dysfunction. Increased kidney damage molecule-1 and arginein vasopressin levels suggest that these molecules may be involved in the etiology of declining renal function.