Ethanolic Extract of Caesalpinia bonducella f. Seed Ameliorates Diabetes Phenotype of Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Rat

Abstract

Caesalpinia bonducella F. (Leguminosae) is widely used medicinal plant which contains flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and a potent antioxidant activity. However, the antihyperglycemic effect of the seed of C. bonducella is remained to be evaluated. This study used 24 male Wistar albino rats that were induced for type 2 diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA). The rats were divided into three groups: the distilled water-treated group (NC group), glibenclamide-treated group (10 mg/kg/d, oral; PC group), and C. bonducella seed extract-treated group (500 mg/kg/d, oral; T group). Blood glucose and plasma insulin measurements were done after 14 days of treatment. The results showed that the postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) level of both PC and T groups were decreased significantly (p < 0.01 for both), whereas in NC group, the PPBG level was rising (p < 0.01). Glibenclamide was found to be more effective to decrease the PPBG level than C. bonducella seed extract (p < 0.01). The post-test fasting insulin level of T group was higher than other groups (p < 0.05). In summary, our results suggest that ethanolic extract of C. bonducella seed possesses antidiabetic activity against experimentally-induced type 2 diabetes.