Potentially Biodynamic Tin(II) Complexes Derived from Macrocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Spectral Analysis, In vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal and Brine Shrimp Lethality Evaluation

Abstract

Over the past several years, the predominance of biologically active macrocycles in medicinal chemistry has been increasing. Novel macrocyclic complexes of Sn(II) were synthesized by using macrocyclic ligands derived from various diamine and dicarboxylic acids in the ratio of 2:2. The structures of the obtained complexes were identified by various spectrometric methods such as Fourier transformation infra-red (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spray ionization mass spectrometry, and powder X-ray diffraction. The spectral data provided evidence that the macrocyclic ligands acted as tetradentate ligands, forming coordination bonds with Sn(II) ions through the nitrogen atom of the imine (>C=N) group. The coordination complexes exhibited an octahedral geometry around the tin ion, with two chloro groups covalently attached. All of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their biochemical properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, and Brine Shrimp Lethality. The antimicrobial potential of the macrocyclic compounds was examined against a panel of pathogenic microbes, including bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris, and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger). The result showed that the macrocyclic complexes have remarkable antimicrobial potential as compared to their corresponding macrocyclic ligands. The positive findings of Brine shrimp lethality of the ligands and their complexes have been discussed.