Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction : Malnutrition in pregnant women disrupts the First Thousand Days of Life (DOL). DOL is known as the Window of Opportunity or the Golden Period, which occurs for 1000 DOL to improve children's growth and development optimally. Disturbances that arise during this period will impact the survival of the child and child’s growth and development, which is permanent. However, malnutrition in pregnant women can be prevented by early intervention. Therefore, this study aims to describe the maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency malnutrition. Method: This research is a retrospective cohort study with a descriptive research design. Eighty-one pregnant women with malnutrition who came to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2017 to 2020 were included. Subject characteristic, maternal and neonatal outcome were collected from the medical record. Result : Some of our subjects had moderate (26%) and severe (16%) malnutrition before pregnancy. The average weight gain is 8.78 kg, lower than the recommendation. The results of this study showed a high incidence of anemia (51,9%) and perinatal maternal complications (54,4%). The neonatal outcome showed a high incidence of congenital defects and hyaline membrane disease (p = 0.031) and NICU care (p = 0.001). The incidence of hyaline membrane disease and congenital defects is 15(18,5%) and 5(6.1%) in this study. Conclusion : Chronic energy deficiency in pregnancy could lead to significant maternal and neonatal complications. Keywords:  Maternal malnutrition, chronic energy deficiency, maternal outcome, neonatal outcomes.