Lysosomal hydrolases, from waste-bags effectors to essential multipurpose enzymes in liver fibrosis

Author:

Fernández-Fernández María1ORCID,Ruiz-Blázquez Paloma1ORCID,Cacho-Pujol Júlia2,Moles Anna3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain

2. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain

3. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Associated Unit IIBB-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain

Abstract

Lysosomal hydrolases were once considered effectors of the waste disposal system of the cell, the endo-lysosomal system. However, they are now recognized as highly selective enzymes, which can modulate the function of several substrates, contributing to essential homeostatic and pathological cellular processes. There are more than 50 different lysosomal hydrolases that display optimal activity in the pH present in the acidic cellular compartment but can also be found in other cellular locations. They can work alone or in cooperation with other proteases building signaling pathways or amplification cascades. In the context of liver fibrosis lysosomal hydrolases, especially cysteine cathepsins have been described to participate in several fundamental cellular events contributing to the development, progression, perpetuation, and resolution of liver fibrosis. This paper comprehensively reviews the current knowledge on the contribution of lysosomal hydrolases to liver fibrosis.

Publisher

Open Exploration Publishing

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,Geography, Planning and Development,General Social Sciences,General Arts and Humanities,General Earth and Planetary Sciences,Ecology,Geography, Planning and Development,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),General Environmental Science,Environmental Chemistry,Oceanography,General Earth and Planetary Sciences,Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Law,Sociology and Political Science,Anthropology,Law,Social Sciences (miscellaneous),Law,Social Sciences (miscellaneous),General Social Sciences,Law,Public Administration,Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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