Modern data on a combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis

Abstract

Introduction. The development of systemic inflammation involving a number of organs and tissues with the implementation of pathophysiological mechanisms is an important characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Osteoporosis is one of the most serious and socially significant manifestation of the systemic effects of COPD. Osteoporosis limits the social activity of the patient and his family members, leads to high material costs and a high level of disability and mortality. Aim. To study the data of foreign and Russian studies on the prevalence of osteopenia, pathogenic mechanisms of development and the clinical meaning of osteoporosis in COPD. Materials and methods. The review includes literature data published mainly over the past five years in PubMed and eLibrary. Earlier publications were included in the review if necessary. Results. According to different authors, osteopenia occurs in 60-86.7% of patients with COPD. The degree of loss of mineral density of bones is proportional to the severity of COPD. Compression fractures of the spine and fractures and femoral neck are found in patients with COPD more often than in patients without COPD. Cytokines have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the formation of osteoporosis in COPD. At the same time, studies are limited only by the significance of early response cytokines (interleukins 1 and 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha). There are only single studies on the role of adipokines in bone remodeling with COPD. Conclusion. Further studies must be carried out for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of regulating bone metabolism by cytokines and other immune factors in COPD.