The Energy Budget in the Jet of High-frequency Peaked BL Lacertae Objects

Abstract

Abstract Energy equipartition and the energy budget in the jet are important issues for the radiation mechanism of blazars. Early work predominantly concentrated on flat-spectrum radio quasars and a limited number of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. In this paper, we compile 348 high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) based on the catalog of active galactic nuclei (4LAC-DR3) from Fermi-LAT, and employ JetSet to fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these HBLs in the framework of the one-zone lepton model. We aim to determine whether the energy budget is reasonable and whether energy equipartition is satisfied in HBLs. The results of the statistical analysis suggest that: (1) SEDs of HBLs can be reproduced well by using the one-zone lepton model; however, it cannot achieve energy equalization, and the relativistic electron energy density is far greater than the magnetic field energy density, U e ≳ 100U B ; (2) the majority of HBLs are located in the t cool < t dyn region (where the horizontal coordinate represents the jet power of electrons, while the ordinate indicates the ratio of the dynamic timescale to the cooling timescale), and the jet kinetic power of HBLs is greater than the jet power of radiation; there is a very low radiation efficiency, we deduce that HBLs may have optically thin advection-dominated accretion flows; (3) log ϵ B of HBLs is less than zero, which indicates that the jet kinetic power of HBLs is not affected by Poynting flux; (4) the relationships U e > U Syn ∼ U B , L e ∼ L p > L B ∼ L rad, and log ϵ e > 0.5 are established. These relations indicate that most of the energy of HBLs is stored in the population of low-energy electrons.