1. These facts are highly suggestive of oligohydramnios, but proof of the absence of liquor was obtained by placental examination. In three out of the four cases the placentae were examined histologically and amnion nodosum was found to be present. As shown by Scott and Bain,1958
2. noted that hydramnios, usually expected in the presence of foetal malformations, was not present in association with sirenomelia, He quotes a case described by Bauereisen,1945
3. Renal agenesis and severe urinary tract dysplasia;Bain, A.D.; Scott, J.S.;Brit. med. J,1960
4. Manual of Antenatal Pathology and Hygiene;Ballantyne, J.W.,1904
5. Bauereisen, A. (1905). IX. Sitzung Frankische Gesellschaft fur Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. Erlangen. Munch. med. Wschr., 52, 721.