Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on treatment and outcomes of cerebral arteriovenous malformations

Abstract

BackgroundThere has been a recent decrease in interventional management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The objective of our study was to evaluate the changing patterns in management of AVMs in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used. From 2016 to 2020, patients with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code for a cerebral AVM were included. An intervention was defined as ICD-10 code for surgical, endovascular, or stereotactic radiosurgery treatment. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a logistic regression model with covariates deemed to be clinically relevant.Results63 610 patients with AVMs were identified between 2016 and 2020, 14 340 of which were ruptured. In 2020, patients had an OR of 0.69 for intervention of an unruptured AVM (P<0.0001) compared with 2016–19. The rate of intervention for unruptured AVMs decreased to 13.5% in 2020 from 17.6% in 2016–19 (P<0.0001). The rate of AVM rupture in 2020 increased to 23.9% from 22.2% in 2016–19 (P<0.0001). In 2020, patients with ruptured AVMs had an OR for inpatient mortality of 1.72 compared with 2016–19. Linear regression analysis from 2016 to 2020 showed an inverse relationship between intervention rate and rupture rate (slope −0.499, R2=0.88, P=0.019).ConclusionIn 2020, the rate of intervention for unruptured cerebral AVMs decreased compared with past years, with an associated increase in the rate of rupture. Patients with ruptured AVMs also had a higher odds of mortality.