Abstract
IntroductionViolence against women (VAW) affects one in three women globally. In some countries, women are at much higher risk. We examined risk factors for VAW in countries with the highest 12-month prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence (IPV) to develop understanding of this increased risk.MethodsFor this systematic review, we searched PUBMED, CINAHL, PROQUEST (Middle East and North Africa; Latin America and Iberia; East and South Asia), Web of Science, EMBASE and PsycINFO (Ovid) for records published between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2021 in English, French and Spanish. Included records used quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods, reported original data, had VAW as the main outcome, and focused on at least one of 23 countries in the highest quintile of prevalence figures for women’s self-reported experiences of physical and/or sexual violence in the past 12 months. We used critical interpretive synthesis to develop a conceptual model for associations between identified risk factors and VAW.ResultsOur search identified 12 044 records, of which 241 were included for analysis (2 80 360 women, 40 276 men, 274 key informants). Most studies were from Bangladesh (74), Uganda (72) and Tanzania (43). Several quantitative studies explored community-level/region-level socioeconomic status and education as risk factors, but associations with VAW were mixed. Although fewer in number and representing just one country, studies reported more consistent effects for community-level childhood exposure to violence and urban residence. Theoretical explanations for a country’s high prevalence point to the importance of exposure to other forms of violence (armed conflict, witnessing parental violence, child abuse) and patriarchal social norms.ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that heightened prevalence of VAW is not attributable to a single risk factor. Multilayered and area-level risk analyses are needed to ensure funding is appropriately targeted for countries where VAW is most pervasive.PROSPERO registration numberThe review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020190147).
Funder
UK Research and Innovation
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Health Policy
Reference189 articles.
1. World Health Organisation, . Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.
2. World Health Organisation . Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018. Geneva, Switzerland, 2021: 87.
3. Associations between poverty, mental health and substance use, gender power, and intimate partner violence amongst young (18-30) women and men in urban informal settlements in South Africa: a cross-sectional study and structural equation model;Gibbs;PLoS One,2018
4. Prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence in women living in eight Indigenous regions of Mexico;Valdez-Santiago;Soc Sci Med,2013
5. Hossain M , Zimmerman C , Kiss L , et al . Men’s and women’s experiences of violence and traumatic events in rural Côte d'Ivoire before, during and after a period of armed conflict. BMJ Open 2014;4:e003644.doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003644
Cited by
21 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献