1. Richards but predictive in that therapists (and not patients) could make fairly accurate predictions of the outcome of treatment. Conflicting studies by Affieck and Garfield;Burton, Wright;Goldstein (1960) and Martin and Sterne; showed that, when experienced judges were asked to rate patients on how long they were expected to pursue treatment, such judgments tended to be over-optimisitic. Conflicting evidence by,1961