Metapneumovirus infection in poultry

Abstract

Today's high performance in the industrial poultry industry would not have been possible without the focused specialization of production and the use of highly productive poultry crosses. Therefore, the organization of modern poultry farming used simultaneously with high productivity indicators leads to a decrease in natural resistance and an increase in the susceptibility of birds to various pathogens of infectious diseases transmitted aerogenically, which is accompanied by the manifestation of respiratory syndrome in birds. One of the key reasons for the development of respiratory syndrome is the circulation of pneumovirus in the herd, which is especially dangerous for meat farms, since in broiler chickens the disease proceeds in a more severe form compared to poultry crosses.Avian metapneumovirus infection causes significant economic damage to poultry farming, which consists of losses from a decrease in safety and productivity, as well as the cost of health and preventive measures.4 subtypes of MPV are officially known, although recent publications have reported of two new pneumoviruses, GuMPV and AMPV PAR-05 isolated from the seagull in North America.The diversity of pathogen subtypes and differences in virulence properties of metapneumovirus create difficulties both in the prevention of this disease and in its diagnosis.Difficulty of metapneumovirus isolation from the examined material is caused by the short period of virus persistence in the organs of birds.The most effective method of controlling avian MPVI is vaccination.