Phenotypic differences in nebivolol metabolism and bioavailability in healthy volunteers

Abstract

Introduction: Nebivolol, a third-generation β-blocker, is subject to extensive first-pass metabolism and produces active β-blocking hydroxylated metabolites, like 4-OH-nebivolol. It is primarily a substrate of CYP2D6, a metabolic pathway that is under polymorphic genetic regulation. The objective of this study was to assess the metabolizer phenotype and to evaluate the interphenotype bioavailability and metabolism of nebivolol.Material and methods: Forty-three healthy volunteers were included in this open-label, non-randomized clinical trial and each volunteer received a single dose of 5 mg nebivolol. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebivolol and its active metabolite. The phenotypic distribution was assessed based on the AUC (aria under the curve) metabolic ratio of nebivolol/4-OH-nebivolol and statistical analysis. An interphenotype comparison of nebivolol metabolism and bioavailability was performed based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebivolol and its active metabolite.Results: Nebivolol/4-OH-nebivolol AUC metabolic ratios were not characterized by a standard normal distribution. The unique distribution emphasized the existence of two groups and the 43 healthy volunteers were classified as follows: poor metabolizers (PMs)=3, extensive metabolizers (EMs)=40. The phenotype had a marked impact on nebivolol metabolism. The exposure to nebivolol was 15-fold greater for PMs in comparison to EMs.  Conclusion: 40 EMs and 3 PMs were differentiated by using the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebivolol and its active metabolite. The study highlighted the existence of interphenotype differences regarding nebivolol metabolism and bioavailability.