New insight into circRNAs: characterization, strategies, and biomedical applications

Author:

Feng Xin-Yi,Zhu Shun-Xin,Pu Ke-Jia,Huang Heng-Jing,Chen Yue-Qin,Wang Wen-Tao

Abstract

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed, endogenous ncRNAs. Most circRNAs are derived from exonic or intronic sequences by precursor RNA back-splicing. Advanced high-throughput RNA sequencing and experimental technologies have enabled the extensive identification and characterization of circRNAs, such as novel types of biogenesis, tissue-specific and cell-specific expression patterns, epigenetic regulation, translation potential, localization and metabolism. Increasing evidence has revealed that circRNAs participate in diverse cellular processes, and their dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, particularly cancer. In this review, we systematically discuss the characterization of circRNAs, databases, challenges for circRNA discovery, new insight into strategies used in circRNA studies and biomedical applications. Although recent studies have advanced the understanding of circRNAs, advanced knowledge and approaches for circRNA annotation, functional characterization and biomedical applications are continuously needed to provide new insights into circRNAs. The emergence of circRNA-based protein translation strategy will be a promising direction in the field of biomedicine.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program of China

Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Sun Yat-sen University

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology,Hematology

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