Abstract
Abstract
Background
The broodstock diet, and in particular the lipid and fatty acid composition of the diet, is known to play a key role in reproductive efficiency and survival of the progeny in fish. A major problem when replacing both fish meal and fish oil by plant sources is the lack of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To address this problem, we studied the effect of the plant-based diet supplemented with Schizochytrium sp. microalgae, source of DHA, compared to a conventional commercial diet rich in fish meal and fish oil on reproductive performance and egg quality and the consequences on progeny, in female rainbow trout broodstock.
Results
The results demonstrated that DHA-rich microalgae supplementation in a plant-based diet allowed for the maintenance of reproductive performance and egg quality comparable to a conventional commercial feed rich in fish meal and fish oil and led to an increased significant fry survival after resorption. Moreover, when females were fed a plant-based diet supplemented with micro-algae, the 4-month-old progenies showed a significant higher growth when they were challenged with a similar diet as broodstock during 1 month. We provide evidence for metabolic programming in which the maternal dietary induced significant protracted effects on lipid metabolism of progeny.
Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that supplementation of a plant-based diet with DHA-rich microalgae can be an effective alternative to fish meal and fish oil in rainbow trout broodstock aquafeed.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Animal Science and Zoology,Biochemistry,Food Science,Biotechnology
Reference55 articles.
1. Mowi company. Salmon Farming Industry Handbook 2019. 2019. Available from URL: https://ml.globenewswire.com/Resource/Download/1766f220-c83b-499a-a46e-3941577e038b.
2. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. The. 2018.
3. Lazzarotto V, Corraze G, Leprevost A, Quillet E, Dupont-Nivet M, Médale F. Three-year breeding cycle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a plant-based diet, totally free of marine resources: consequences for reproduction, fatty acid composition and progeny survival. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117609.
4. Panserat S, Hortopan GA, Plagnes-Juan E, Kolditz C, Lansard M, Skiba-Cassy S, et al. Differential gene expression after total replacement of dietary fish meal and fish oil by plant products in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver. Aquaculture. 2009;294(1-2):123–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.05.013.
5. Cottrell RS, Blanchard JL, Halpern BS, Metian M, Froehlich HE. Global adoption of novel aquaculture feeds could substantially reduce forage fish demand by 2030. Nat Food. 2020;1(5):301–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0078-x.