Comparison of endoscopic thyroidectomy via the oral vestibule approach and the areola approach for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract

Abstract Background The endoscopic thyroidectomy areola approach (ETAA) has been widely applied for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but leaves scars and is not truly minimally invasive. The oral vestibular approach (ETOVA) leaves no scars and is even more minimally invasive. However, there have been few comparative studies of ETAA and ETOVA for PTC. The purpose of our research was to compare two PTC treatment methods in terms of feasibility, safety, efficacy, and cosmetic results. Methods A total of 129 patients with PTC underwent thyroidectomy combined with central lymph node dissection by the same surgeon. Among them, 79 patients underwent the ETOVA, and the others underwent the ETAA. We compared the two groups in terms of operative outcomes, postoperative complications, and cosmetic results. Results No significant differences were found in the clinical characteristics between the ETOVA and ETAA groups. There were no significant differences in the number of removed lymph nodes (P = 0.279) or the number of positive lymph nodes (P = 0.569), but the ETOVA group had a higher number of removed lymph nodes. There was also no significant difference in blood loss volume(P = 0.180), postoperative drainage volume (P = 0.063), length of hospital stay (P = 0.182), transient RLN injury rate (P = 1.000), permanent RLN injury rate (P = 1.000), or recurrence rate (P = 1.000). The ETOVA was a longer operation than the ETAA was (P < 0.01). The ETOVA group had less pain (VAS 1: P < 0.01, VAS 3: P = 0.001), less neck discomfort (1 month after surgery: P = 0.009, 3 months after surgery: P = 0.033), and better cosmetic results (P = 0.001). Conclusions The ETOVA is not inferior to the ETAA in terms of safety and curability of PTC and is advantageous in terms of central lymph node dissection, minimal invasiveness, and cosmetic results. Trial registration This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University (2017 V1.0). No funding was received.