Author:
Shirbaghaee Zeinab,Hassani Mohammad,Heidari Keshel Saeed,Soleimani Masoud
Abstract
AbstractCritical limb ischemia (CLI), the terminal stage of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is characterized by an extremely high risk of amputation and vascular issues, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. In patients with severe limb ischemia with no alternative therapy options, such as endovascular angioplasty or bypass surgery, therapeutic angiogenesis utilizing cell-based therapies is vital for increasing blood flow to ischemic regions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently considered one of the most encouraging cells as a regenerative alternative for the surgical treatment of CLI, including restoring tissue function and repairing ischemic tissue via immunomodulation and angiogenesis. The regenerative treatments for limb ischemia based on MSC therapy are still considered experimental. Despite recent advances in preclinical and clinical research studies, it is not recommended for regular clinical use. In this study, we review the immunomodulatory features of MSC besides the current understanding of different sources of MSC in the angiogenic treatment of CLI subjects and their potential applications as therapeutic agents. Specifically, this paper concentrates on the most current clinical application issues, and several recommendations are provided to improve the efficacy of cell therapy for CLI patients.
Funder
School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cell Biology,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous),Molecular Medicine,Medicine (miscellaneous)
Cited by
14 articles.
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