Immunotactoid glomerulopathy – an enigmatic case in the setting of nodal marginal zone lymphoma and systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma

Abstract

Abstract Background Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy (ITG) is an exceedingly rare type of glomerulopathy characterised by distinctive electron microscopic features. ITG has been linked to lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders. The clinical manifestations are diverse including nephrotic syndrome (NS), haematuria, acute kidney injury and end stage renal failure (ESRD). We present a case with a stage 3 Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma (NMZL) and systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma (SSSS), where the evolution of ITG was documented in 2 renal biopsies 19 months apart. To the best of our knowledge, no cases have been reported linking ITG to NMZL. Furthermore, there is only one non-peer reviewed report linking ITG to scleroderma. We discuss the implications of our findings and highlight the satisfactory management of the case. Case presentation A 79-year-old female with history of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma and stage 3 NMZL presented with acute kidney injury and NS on a background of chronic kidney disease. Her first kidney biopsy showed a diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and her serum protein electrophoresis showed no abnormalities. She was managed satisfactorily with conservative measures. She returned 19 months later with features of fluid overload, increasing proteinuria and rising serum creatinine. A repeat serum protein electrophoresis showed excess free kappa light chains and ITG was detected in the repeat kidney biopsy. Her kidney function and proteinuria showed a good and sustained response to rituximab administered after the second biopsy. Conclusion ITG is a rare type of glomerulopathy, associated with underlying haematological malignancies and autoimmune disorders that may result in ESRD. Rituximab is one of the effective agents used in the management of ITG with haematological malignancies.