Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Long-leg-radiography (LLR) is commonly used for the measurement of lower limb alignment. However, limb rotations during radiography may interfere with the alignment measurement. This study examines the effect of limb rotation on the accuracy of measurements based on the mechanical and anatomical axes of the femur and tibia, with variations in knee flexion and coronal deformity.
Methods
Forty-five lower limbs of 30 patients were scanned with CT. Virtual LLRs simulating five rotational positions (neutral, ± 10$$^{\circ }$$
∘
, and ± 20$$^{\circ }$$
∘
internal rotation) were generated from the CT images. Changes in the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA) and the femorotibial angle (FTA) were measured on each image with respect to neutral values. These changes were related to knee flexion and coronal deformity under both weight- and non-weight-bearing conditions.
Results
The measurement errors of the HKA and FTA derived from limb rotation were up to 4.84 ± 0.66$$^{\circ }$$
∘
and 7.35 ± 0.88$$^{\circ }$$
∘
, respectively, and were correlated with knee flexion (p < 0.001) and severe coronal deformity (p < 0.001). Compared with the non-weight-bearing position, the coronal deformity measured in the weight-bearing condition was 2.62$$^{\circ }$$
∘
greater, the correlation coefficients between the coronal deformity and the deviation ranges of HKA and FTA were also greater.
Conclusions
Flexion and severe coronal deformity have a significant influence on the measurement error of lower limb alignment. Errors can be amplified in the weight-bearing condition compared with the non-weight-bearing condition. When using HKA and FTA to represent the mechanical axis and the anatomical axis on LLR, limb rotation impacts the anatomic axis more than the mechanical axis in patients with severe deformities. Considering LLR as the gold standard image modality, attention should be paid to the measurement of knee alignment. Especially for the possible errors derived from weight-bearing long-leg radiographs of patients with severe knee deformities.
Funder
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Peking University International Hospital Research Funds
Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging,Biomedical Engineering,General Medicine,Biomaterials,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Cited by
3 articles.
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