Abstract
Abstract
Background
Periodontitis is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between periodontitis and stroke is rarely studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between periodontitis and stroke.
Methods
Statistical analysis was performed using the complex sampling design. We analyzed data on 6,460 participants, representing 92,856,028 American citizens aged 30 years or older, who had valid data on periodontitis and stroke from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014. We used clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth precisely to determine periodontitis and it is the first time to use such a precise method for exploring the relationship between periodontitis and stroke.
Results
39.9% of participants had periodontitis and 2.1% of participants had a record of stroke diagnosis. Stroke was associated with severity levels of periodontitis (p for trend = 0.018). The odds ratio for stroke was significantly elevated in the severe periodontitis and moderate periodontitis participants compared to participants without periodontitis (OR for severe periodontitis: 2.55, 95% CI 1.25–5.21; OR for moderate periodontitis: 1.71, 95% CI 1.17–2.50). After adjusting for race/ethnicity and sex, the association remained significant (p for trend = 0.009). After further adjusting for BMI, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, alcohol consumption and physical activity, the association still existed (p for trend = 0.027). The association was significant consistently after further adjusting for age (p for trend = 0.033).
Conclusions
In this nationally representative study, we found an association between periodontitis and stroke. The risk of stroke in participants with severe periodontitis and moderate periodontitis was 2.55 times and 1.71times as high as those without periodontitis. Dental health management may be of benefit to stroke prevention.
Funder
Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Circle from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee
Science and Technology Innovation Plan Of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission
the Research Fund for Overseas High-level Talents of Shenzhen
Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund, Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme (TCFS) from Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine
Reference42 articles.
1. Jeftha A, Holmes H. Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. SADJ. 2013;68(60):62–3.
2. Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Konstantinidis A, Makrilakis K, Taylor R. Periodontitis and diabetes: a two-way relationship. Diabetologia. 2012;55:21–31.
3. Gao K, Wu Z, Liu Y, Tao L, Luo Y, Yang X, Zhang J, Guo X, Wang S. Risk of coronary heart disease in patients with periodontitis among the middled-aged and elderly in china: a cohort study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21:621.
4. Rapone B, Ferrara E, Corsalini M, Qorri E, Converti I, Lorusso F, Delvecchio M, Gnoni A, Scacco S, Scarano A. Inflammatory status and glycemic control level of patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:3018.
5. Schenkein HA, Papapanou PN, Genco R, Sanz M. Mechanisms underlying the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic disease. Periodontol. 2000;2020(83):90–106.