Abstract
AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease. Biomarkers are urgently required for MSA to improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in clinic and facilitate the development and monitoring of disease-modifying therapies. In recent years, significant research efforts have been made in exploring multidimensional biomarkers for MSA. However, currently few biomarkers are available in clinic. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest advances in multidimensional biomarkers for MSA, including biomarkers in fluids, tissues and gut microbiota as well as imaging biomarkers. Future directions for exploration of novel biomarkers and promotion of implementation in clinic are also discussed.
Funder
National Key R&D Program of China
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Innovation Research Group Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province
Scientific Research Foundation of Health Commission of Hunan Province
Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province
Innovative Research and Development Program of Development and Reform Commission of Hunan Province
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province
Central South University Research Programme of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study
Project Program of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders
Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Cognitive Neuroscience,Neurology (clinical)