Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS-J)
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Published:2024-02-01
Issue:1
Volume:12
Page:
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ISSN:2050-7283
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Container-title:BMC Psychology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:BMC Psychol
Author:
Hazumi Megumi,Kawamura Aoi,Yoshiike Takuya,Matsui Kentaro,Kitamura Shingo,Tsuru Ayumi,Nagao Kentaro,Ayabe Naoko,Utsumi Tomohiro,Izuhara Muneto,Shinozaki Mio,Takahashi Eriya,Fukumizu Michio,Fushimi Momo,Okabe Satomi,Eto Taisuke,Nishi Daisuke,Kuriyama Kenichi
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The average sleep duration of Japanese people is shorter than that of people from other countries, and bedtime procrastination is suspected to be one of the factors contributing to this issue. This study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS-J).
Methods
The BPS-J was developed through procedures including the translation and back-translation of the scale, cognitive interviews with 100 participants who reported having experiences of being diagnosed with insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS) or receiving treatment for ISS using open-ended online questionnaires, and expert checking. To investigate the scale’s validity and reliability, an online survey was conducted with daytime workers aged 20 − 65 years without a history of sleep disorders other than ISS. Half the participants were retested using the same survey after 14 days. Participants’ responses to the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), General Procrastination Scale (GPS), and Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), and data on sleep-related variables such as sleep duration on workdays and the days per week of fatigue or sleep loss, sex, and age, were collected.
Results
We analyzed data from 574 participants to assess scale validity. We then analyzed data from 280 participants to determine test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the two-factor model without Item 2 was most suitable for the BPS-J, unlike other language versions. Regardless of the full-item model or the model with Item 2 eliminated, sufficient reliability and significant correlations with the BSCS, GPS, MCTQ, and sleep-related variables such as sleep duration per night on work days, days per week of feeling fatigued, and days per week of sleep loss were observed. Logistic and linear regressions showed that the relationships between the BPS-J, sleep-related variables, and MCTQ were maintained after adjusting for sex and age.
Conclusion
The BPS-J had sufficient validity and reliability. Further, eliminating Item 2 from the original version of the BPS strengthened the ability to survey Japanese daytime workers.
Funder
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Government of Japan
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
General Psychology,General Medicine
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