Fear and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak in Cameroon: a nation-wide observational study
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Published:2021-07-15
Issue:1
Volume:21
Page:
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ISSN:1471-244X
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Container-title:BMC Psychiatry
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language:en
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Short-container-title:BMC Psychiatry
Author:
Siewe Fodjo Joseph Nelson, Ngarka Leonard, Njamnshi Wepnyu Y., Nfor Leonard N., Mengnjo Michel K., Mendo Edwige Laure, Angwafor Samuel A., Atchou Basseguin Jonas Guy, Nkouonlack Cyrille, Njit Edith N., Ahidjo Nene, Chokote Eric S., Dema Fidèle, Fonsah Julius Y., Tatah Godwin Y., Palmer Nancy, Seke Etet Paul F., Palmer Dennis, Nsagha Dickson S., Etya’ale Daniel E., Perrig Stephen, Sztajzel Roman, Annoni Jean-Marie, Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Anne-Cécile, Leke Rose G. F., Abena Ondoa Obama Marie-Thérèse, Nkengasong John N., Colebunders Robert, Njamnshi Alfred K.ORCID
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with significant psychological and social distress worldwide. We investigated fear and depression among adults in Cameroon during different phases of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods
An online survey was conducted in Cameroon from June–December 2020 using a structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic data and information regarding COVID-19 history were obtained. Fear and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 score (FCV-19S) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Responses were clustered in weeks to better appreciate their evolution over time.
Results
Overall, 7381 responses from all ten regions of Cameroon were analysed (median age: 30 years, 73.3% male). The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) was 8.4%, and that of high fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S scores ≥19) was 57.4%. These rates were similar across genders, age-groups, and region of residence. While mean weekly PHQ-9 scores remained fairly stable throughout the study period (range: 2.53–3.21; p = 0.101), mean FCV-19S scores were highest during the early weeks but decreased significantly thereafter (from 20.31 to 18.34; p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that having a postgraduate degree, a history of quarantine, flu-like symptoms during the past 14 days, and higher FCV-19S scores were associated with more severe depressive symptoms, while obtaining COVID-19 information from various sources reduced the odds for depression.
Conclusion
Depression amidst the COVID-19 crisis is less prevalent in Cameroon than in other countries. Prompt and widespread dissemination of adequate COVID-19 information may reduce the risks for depression by dispelling fear and anxiety among Cameroonians.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health
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